Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?

Sulafa Khalid M. Ali; Salah Hamid Mohamed; Hamida Mohammedain; Asmaa Mohamed Al Haj

doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

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Online Publishing Date:
09 / 02 / 2023

Sudan J Paed. 2022; 22(2): 131-137

doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?

Sulafa Khalid M. Ali, Salah Hamid Mohamed, Hamida Mohammedain, Asmaa Mohamed Al Haj.

Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a preventable complication of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection, is highly prevalent in Sudan. Echocardiographic (echo) screening has an established role in disease surveillance. This study aims to measure the echo prevalence of RHD using handheld echo (HHE) in West and North Darfur and Kassala states and initiate control programs. School children 10-18 years of age were selected from the three states and HHE screening was performed by trained paediatric residents supervised by cardiologists using a pretested protocol. Health worker training and public awareness sessions were carried out. The study was conducted between November 2020 and December 2021. In West Darfur, 1,547 children were screened, echo prevalence was found to be 17.4/1,000, and 22% had moderate to severe disease. In North Darfur, 800 children were screened and echo prevalence was 16.2/1,000, 23% had moderate to severe disease while in Kasala 2,225 children were screened and the prevalence was 3.1/1,000 and all cases were mild. One hundred and fifty-eight health workers were trained and 20,150 people benefited from health education sessions. The prevalence of RHD in Darfur is 5 times more than in Kassala. This may reflect socioeconomic and genetic differences between the two regions. RHD control in Darfur needs to be consolidated, and echo surveillance is an important tool for early detection and the institution of secondary prophylaxis.

Key words: Rheumatic heart disease; Sudan; Darfur; Kasala, Echo screening

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Pubmed Style

Ali SKM, Mohamed SH, Mohammedain H, Haj AMA. Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudan J Paed. 2022; 22(2): 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Web Style

Ali SKM, Mohamed SH, Mohammedain H, Haj AMA. Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. https://sudanjp.com//?mno=78754 [Access: June 23, 2024]. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ali SKM, Mohamed SH, Mohammedain H, Haj AMA. Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudan J Paed. 2022; 22(2): 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ali SKM, Mohamed SH, Mohammedain H, Haj AMA. Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudan J Paed. (2022), [cited June 23, 2024]; 22(2): 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Harvard Style

Ali, S. K. M., Mohamed, . S. H., Mohammedain, . H. & Haj, . A. M. A. (2022) Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudan J Paed, 22 (2), 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Turabian Style

Ali, Sulafa Khalid M., Salah Hamid Mohamed, Hamida Mohammedain, and Asmaa Mohamed Al Haj. 2022. Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 22 (2), 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

Chicago Style

Ali, Sulafa Khalid M., Salah Hamid Mohamed, Hamida Mohammedain, and Asmaa Mohamed Al Haj. "Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 22 (2022), 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ali, S. K. M., Mohamed, . S. H., Mohammedain, . H. & Haj, . A. M. A. (2022) Echocardiographic surveillance of rheumatic heart disease in West and North Darfur compared with Kassala State: socioeconomic or genetic differences?. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 22 (2), 131-137. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1657904885

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