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Original Article
Online Published: 25 May 2025
 


Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia

Hamad Abdullah Alkhalaf, Meshari Alquayt, Mohammed Alhalafi, Abdulrahman Aljuraisi, Mohammed Alfurayh, Hesham Alshaalan, Tariq Aljared, Maha Almuneef.


Abstract
Head trauma, in general, can lead to several life-threatening complications including subdural hematoma (SDH). Trauma is the most common cause in children less than 2 years of age, which can be non-inflicted or inflicted. To differentiate between inflicted and non-inflicted SDH in children < 2 years of age, retrospective study of children with SDH managed at King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2014 to 2019 was performed. Data were collected from the electronic hospital system and the Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN) team records. Sixty-three patients aged <2 years with SDH were included. Of these, 17 (27%) were due to abusive head trauma (AHT) and 46 (73%) were non-inflicted; 23 (50%) fall, 13 (28%) medical reasons, and six (9.5%) motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Most were male (43; 68.3%), and 20 (32%) were female. Children with inflicted injuries were predominantly males (P = 0.038), younger (mean age of 7 vs. 11 months), presented with seizures (32.5% vs. 17.6%; P = 0.001), and had more neurological deficits (25% vs. 11.4%). Skull fracture was more common in non-inflicted (39.7% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.05). Long bone fracture was more common in inflicted (12.5% vs. 3.4%) (P =0.117). Cranial computed tomography (CT) scan revealed mild abnormality in non-inflicted versus moderate in inflicted cases (39.1% vs. 47.1%; P= 0.382). Moreover, CT was hyperdense in non-inflicted versus mixed in inflicted (54.3% vs. 70.6%; P= 0.018). Children with inflicted SDH have severe symptoms and worse outcomes compared to other causes of SDH.

Key words: Subdural; hematoma; inflicted; non-inflicted; shaken baby.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alkhalaf HA, Alquayt M, Alhalafi M, Aljuraisi A, Alfurayh M, Alshaalan H, Aljared T, Almuneef M. Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudan J Paed. 2025; 25(1): 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969

Web Style

Alkhalaf HA, Alquayt M, Alhalafi M, Aljuraisi A, Alfurayh M, Alshaalan H, Aljared T, Almuneef M. Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. https://sudanjp.com//?mno=239725 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alkhalaf HA, Alquayt M, Alhalafi M, Aljuraisi A, Alfurayh M, Alshaalan H, Aljared T, Almuneef M. Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudan J Paed. 2025; 25(1): 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alkhalaf HA, Alquayt M, Alhalafi M, Aljuraisi A, Alfurayh M, Alshaalan H, Aljared T, Almuneef M. Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudan J Paed. (2025), [cited June 27, 2026]; 25(1): 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


Harvard Style

Alkhalaf, H. A., Alquayt, . M., Alhalafi, . M., Aljuraisi, . A., Alfurayh, . M., Alshaalan, . H., Aljared, . T. & Almuneef, . M. (2025) Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudan J Paed, 25 (1), 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


Turabian Style

Alkhalaf, Hamad Abdullah, Meshari Alquayt, Mohammed Alhalafi, Abdulrahman Aljuraisi, Mohammed Alfurayh, Hesham Alshaalan, Tariq Aljared, and Maha Almuneef. 2025. Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 25 (1), 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


Chicago Style

Alkhalaf, Hamad Abdullah, Meshari Alquayt, Mohammed Alhalafi, Abdulrahman Aljuraisi, Mohammed Alfurayh, Hesham Alshaalan, Tariq Aljared, and Maha Almuneef. "Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 25 (2025), 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alkhalaf, Hamad Abdullah, Meshari Alquayt, Mohammed Alhalafi, Abdulrahman Aljuraisi, Mohammed Alfurayh, Hesham Alshaalan, Tariq Aljared, and Maha Almuneef. "Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 25.1 (2025), 37-47. Print. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alkhalaf, H. A., Alquayt, . M., Alhalafi, . M., Aljuraisi, . A., Alfurayh, . M., Alshaalan, . H., Aljared, . T. & Almuneef, . M. (2025) Subdural hematomas in children under 2 years: insights from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 25 (1), 37-47. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1737825969




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