Abstract
Throughout the history of obstetrics, emphasis had been changing. The main concern at first was the safety of the mother, when that was fairly achieved, the emphasis changed to the fetus. A living baby would be a marvelous achievement. Modern obstetrics, having achieved, within limits, both those objectives, is concerned with the quality of the fetus. Life has become complicated and stressing, and to bring up and look after a handicapped child is catastrophic for the family. Many factors can cause fetal brain damage during labour such as Anaesthesia and birth trauma. Monitoring main contribution is to provide the attending physician with more precise information which is not available by the standard clinical methods of monitoring such as hearing with the fetal stethoscope and feeling the uterine contractions. There is a confirmed significant relationship between abnormal foetal heart rate patterns. fetal acidosis, hypoxia, and poor condition at birth. Nowadays.reliable instrumentation: is available, so less trauma and other hazards are' expected to occur. The development of ultrasound has fascilitated external monitoring of the foetal heart rate early in labour without the need to rupture the membranes and introduce the foetal scalp electrodes.