E-ISSN 1858-8360 | ISSN 0256-4408
 

Short Communication 


Are there paternal components in human milk?

Ahmed Ali Hassan, Zainab Taha, Abdullah Al Nafeesah, Ishag Adam.

Abstract
Breastfeeding is indeed the foundation for life and gives growing children a once-ina-lifetime opportunity to grow and develop to their full potential. There are considerable studies on the role of maternal contribution to human milk components. It would be very important and interesting to explore the existence of a paternal contribution into the composition of human milk. Proceeding on this track, there is an abundant evidence that supports the hypothesis of paternal contribution in human milk composition. This evidence could be strengthened by the fact that a small population of the fetal cells migrate during pregnancy and stay for long time in the maternal body. This phenomenon is known as microchimerism. It has been well documented that some of these cells are of mature immunological and hematopoietic stem cells character. As the fetal parts contain 50% from each parent, any fetal parts in the maternal body (i.e., fetal microchimerism) should contain paternal components as well. The paternal genetic material is more responsible for the determination of the fetal sex (female XX or male XY). The variations
in maternal human milk component that was clearly understood as related to child sex will substantially provide a solid basis for the investigation of the new hypothesis. In this short report, we conclude by briefly foregrounding the proposed role for paternal contribution on human milk composition for consideration and suggesting new directions for future research that would shed light on this subject.

Key words: Human milk; Maternal components; Paternal components; Breast milk.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Ahmed Ali Hassan
Articles by Zainab Taha
Articles by Abdullah Al Nafeesah
Articles by Ishag Adam
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hassan AA, Taha Z, Nafeesah AA, Adam I. Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudan J Paed. 2019; 19(2): 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798


Web Style

Hassan AA, Taha Z, Nafeesah AA, Adam I. Are there paternal components in human milk?. https://sudanjp.com//?mno=47019 [Access: February 06, 2024]. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan AA, Taha Z, Nafeesah AA, Adam I. Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudan J Paed. 2019; 19(2): 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan AA, Taha Z, Nafeesah AA, Adam I. Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudan J Paed. (2019), [cited February 06, 2024]; 19(2): 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



Harvard Style

Hassan, A. A., Taha, . Z., Nafeesah, . A. A. & Adam, . I. (2019) Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudan J Paed, 19 (2), 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



Turabian Style

Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Zainab Taha, Abdullah Al Nafeesah, and Ishag Adam. 2019. Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 19 (2), 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



Chicago Style

Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Zainab Taha, Abdullah Al Nafeesah, and Ishag Adam. "Are there paternal components in human milk?." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 19 (2019), 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Zainab Taha, Abdullah Al Nafeesah, and Ishag Adam. "Are there paternal components in human milk?." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 19.2 (2019), 84-87. Print. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, A. A., Taha, . Z., Nafeesah, . A. A. & Adam, . I. (2019) Are there paternal components in human milk?. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 19 (2), 84-87. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1556954798





Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Rheumatic heart disease in North Darfur: an alarmingly high burden and control initiative
    Nagwa Salih, Ishag Eisa, Daresalam Ishag, Intisar Ibrahim, Sulafa Ali
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 24-27
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.4

  • Feeding growth restricted premature neonates: a challenging perspective
    Siba Prosad Paul, Emily Natasha Kirkham, Katherine Amy Hawton, Paul Anthony Mannix
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(2): 5-14
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1519511375

  • Congenital brain malformations in Sudanese children: an outpatient-based study
    Inaam Noureldyme Mohammed, Soad Abdalaziz Suliman, Maha A Elseed, Ahlam Abdalrhman Hamed, Mohamed Osman Babiker, Shaimaa Osman Taha
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 48-56
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.7

  • Evaluation of Science. [eng]
    Adnan Mahmmood Usmani; Sultan Ayoub Meo
    Sudan J Paed. 2011; 11(1): 6-7
    » Abstract

  • Medical education and services in an extreme environment
    Mustafa Abdalla M. Salih, Mohammed Osman Swar
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 2-5
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.1

  • Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • The role of micronutrients in thyroid dysfunction
    Amir Babiker, Afnan Alawi, Mohsen Al Atawi, Ibrahim Al Alwan
    Sudan J Paed. 2020; 20(1): 13-19
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1587138942

  • Why mothers are not exclusively breast feeding their babies till 6 months of age? Knowledge and practices data from two large cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Hafsa Raheel, Shabana Tharkar
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 28-38
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.5

  • Relactation in lactation failure and low milk supply
    Anita Mehta, Arvind Kumar Rathi, Komal Prasad Kushwaha, Abhishek Singh
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 39-47
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.6

  • Inborn errors of metabolism associated with hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis and diabetes mellitus: narrative review
    Majid Alfadhel, Amir Babiker
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 10-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.3

  • Neonatal polycythaemia
    Bashir Abdrhman Bashir, Suhair Abdrahim Othman
    Sudan J Paed. 2019; 19(2): 81-83
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1566075225

  • Most Cited Articles
    Most Cited Articles

  • Anti-diabetic medications: How to make a choice?
    Amir Babiker, Mohammed Al Dubayee
    Sudan J Paed. 2017; 17(2): 11-20
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2017.2.12
    Cited : 8 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Commitment to the wellbeing of children worldwide. [eng]
    Mustafa Abdalla M Salih; Satti Abdelrahim Satti
    Sudan J Paed. 2011; 11(2): 4-5
    » Abstract
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Pattern of malaria in hospitalized children in Khartoum state
    Hasan Awadalla Hashim, Eltigani Mohamed Ahmed Ali
    Sudan J Paed. 2017; 17(2): 35-41
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2017.2.4
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • The role of micronutrients in thyroid dysfunction
    Amir Babiker, Afnan Alawi, Mohsen Al Atawi, Ibrahim Al Alwan
    Sudan J Paed. 2020; 20(1): 13-19
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1587138942
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Broad beans ( Vicia faba ) and the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus infection
    Mutasim I. Khalil, Mustafa A. Salih, Ali A. Mustafa
    Sudan J Paed. 2020; 20(1): 10-12
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.1061585398078
    Cited : 4 times [Click to see citing articles]